Development of Language and Brain Support

Improvement of Language and Brain Support Discourse creation is an exceptionally talented conduct that requires fast and composed developments of the orofacial articulators. Discourse and language are regularly befuddled, yet there is a differentiation between the two. Discourse is the verbal articulation of language and incorporates verbalization, which is the manner in which sounds and words are shaped. In actuality, language is a lot more extensive and alludes to the whole arrangement of communicating and getting data in a manner that is important. It is understanding and being comprehended through correspondence as verbal, non-verbal, and composed. Indeed, discourse and language procurement are personally associated and have generally worked in equal. So as to decipher the significance of the verbally expressed sounds, a coding system is furnished with set of rules for the audience and it isn't clear. Discourse creation is a convoluted procedure that experiences a few phases. The principal stage is known as premotor process which implies that the point of view is commonly lumped together. The new thoughts are changed over into language specialist structure that requires choices of reasonable words and expressions. The cerebrum capacities by collects the sounds that are expected to make every one of the words. Next is the second stage which is called as the mechanical procedure. During this procedure, the mind imparts signs to make those sounds. The advancement of language and cerebrum bolster some connection to one another as language creates with the expansion of the synapse associations. In spite of the fact that the particular language learned is totally dictated by nature, we can't deny that the ability to gain language is naturally decided too. Accordingly it is sensible to expect there are some language work exists in the mind which empowers language obtained is corresponding with the advancement of human cerebrum as a youngster develops. Along these lines, the basic time frame for language learning is respected to be the naturally decided period in which the cerebrum saves its pliancy for obtaining of any language. Under ordinary circumstances, a kid is acquainted with language basically right now of birth. The initial 3 years of life is the most escalated period for securing discourse and language abilities when the cerebrum is creating and developing. Mental health during youth permits the cerebrum to be molded and the kid is given a capacity to get a handle on complex examples, including those underlie discourse. These aptitudes grow best in a world that is rich with sounds, sights, and predictable presentation to the discourse and language of others. As a youngster develops, they begin to order the discourse sounds that structure the expressions of their language. Pliancy for discourse discernment changes during youth and youthfulness, bringing about basic period for second-language obtaining. When the normal basic time frame has gone without introduction to language, it will be increasingly hard to learn. The marvel of lateralization is amazingly solid in people. The mind of people comprises of a left half of the globe and a correct side of the equator, which various capacities grow gradually in each pieces of the cerebrum as a kid becomes more established. In by far most language regions are moved in the left half of the globe. The two significant regions of human cerebrum that are answerable for language are called Broca zone and Wernicke territory. Broca’s zone is situated in the left side of the equator and it is related with discourse creation, for example, assembling sentences and utilizing legitimate linguistic structure. It is close to the region that controls facial muscle, jaw, tongue and throat work development. In the event that the zone that controls development is adulterated in any style, an individual will encounter trouble in delivering the real hints of discourse. Our capacity to verbalize thoughts, just as use words precisely in communicated in and composed l anguage, has been credited to this essential territory. In actuality, Wernickes territory is the basic language zone in the back better worldly projection that associates than Broca’s zone by means of a neural pathway. Wernicke’s region is believed to be halfway answerable for language preparing or appreciation, for example, unraveling and breaking down sentences, regardless of whether it is composed or spoken. Different regions in cerebrum that engaged with language are those that encompass the Sylvian crevice, a cleavage line that isolates the bits of mind which are solely human. Numerous in mainstream researchers have placed that both discourse and language are lateralize, which implies, we utilize just one side of our minds for discourse, which includes tuning in and communicating in; and language, which includes developing and getting sentences. In any case, the ends relating to discourse by and large come from examines that depend on roundabout estimations of cer ebrum action, bringing up issues about describing discourse as lateralized. As per reseachers at New York University, discourse is in certainty bilateralized. In straightforward words, the mind regions in the two sides of the equator are saddled in making words. The particular zones are the two-sided sub-par frontal and the second rate parietal, predominant fleeting, pre-engine and somatosensory cortices. In spite of the fact that the two sides of the equator of the mind are equivalent during childbirth, the capacity of language step by step settles in the predominant left side of the equator of the cerebrum after natural development or the basic time frame which is proposed by Lenneberg (1967). Lenneberg infers that the improvement of language is the consequence of mind development, which it holds that essential language procurement must happen during basic period with the foundation of cerebral lateralization of capacity. A solid ramifications of this theory is that the procedures associated with any language obtaining which happens after the period of pubescence will be subjectively not quite the same as those engaged with first language procurement. A generally drawn, however not completely essential, conclusion of the CPH is that any language realizing which happens after the period of adolescence will be increasingly slow effective than typical first language learning. There is an examination acquired from individuals who experienced cerebrum harm additionally demonstrated the proof for the lateralization of minds. A mind is said to lose its versatility after the lateralization. Some contextual analyses are accounted for on impeded minds when the basic time frames. Grown-ups who endured mind harm in the left half of the globe neglect to recuperate their language on the off chance that they don't recoup inside five months, while youngsters demonstrate a capacity to recoup completely in the event that they were extremely youthful at the time of harm. It is said that even absolute expulsion of the left half of the globe didn't evacuate children’s capacity to reacquire a language. Thusly Lenneberg’s speculation depends on this time of lateralization, which language securing depended on the pliancy of the two halves of the globe and that hemispheric specialization was finished at adolescence. On the off chance that the language procurement had not happened when a kid arrived at pubescence, full authority could never be achieved. Knudsen (1999) recognized a touchy from a basic period, contending that during a delicate period, neuronal associations are especially powerless to natural information, yet later experience keeps on impacting neural turn of events. Conversely, during a basic period, suitable experience must happen to create the neural associations vital for typical capacity, and the subsequent examples are irreversible. During basic period, the neural framework anticipates explicit informationto keep on creating normally(Knudsen, 1999). In this way, in both delicate and basic periods, people are profoundly receptive to encounter, yet touchy periods are ones in which later experience can likewise influence the individual, though during basic periods, experience is required for figuring out how to happen and learning produces strong impacts (Knudsen, 2004). Albeit phonetic learning can be influenced by understanding past adolescence, phonetic learning displays the two standards refered to by Knudsen fo r a basic period. As indicated by Knudsen, an absence of introduction right off the bat being developed to characteristic language, discourse or sign outcomes in the absence of typical language, and early involvement in a specific language effectsly affects discourse discernment. Phonetic recognition may accordingly be thought of as displaying a basic period being developed. There are three phases of discourse advancement. The main stage is known as social discourse or outer discourse. Luria (1992) calls attention to that â€Å"In no chance is this discourse identified with mind or thinking.† In this stage, discourse is utilized to communicate straightforward contemplations and feelings, for example, giggling, crying and yelling. A kid tends to utilizes discourse to control the conduct of others. For instance: I need ball. The subsequent stage is egocentric discourse which is commonly the sort of discourse found in an offspring old enough three to seven. As indicated by Lefrancois (1994), he expresses that this stage †serves as an extension between the crude and profoundly open social discourse of the principal stage and the more refined and exceptionally private internal discourse of the third stage.† In this stage, the youngsters regularly converse with themselves, paying little heed to somebody tuning in to them. They can communicat e and talk what they are doing as they do it, while voicing so anyone can hear trying to direct their own conduct. The last phase of discourse advancement is known as internal discourse, utilized by more established youngsters and grown-ups. It is an internal, soundless discourse that incorporates correspondence practice, reiterating discussions and envisioned associations with media characters. This phase of discourse permits us to coordinate our reasoning and conduct. Discourse and language issue Discourse creation is a mind boggling process, including an arranged arrangement of cerebrum regions that each contribute in exceptional manners. Trouble with discourse can be the aftereffect of issues with the mind or nerves that control the facial muscles,

“Crossing” by Mark Slouka Essay

Trust and family connections are the two primary subjects in the short story â€Å"Crossing† by Mark Slouka. The story enlightens us regarding a dad, who is experiencing an extreme period, and his relationship to his child. He needs to get trust from his child trough an outing in the nature yet runs into certain difficulties on his way. The dad in the short story takes his child out traveling to a spot at a waterway, since he needs to draw nearer to him on this excursion. We get indicates all through the story that the dad is experiencing an intense period after he separated or isolated from his significant other. â€Å"And he hadn’t been glad in a while.† (5). His brain shows that he accomplished something incorrectly in their relationship and that he knows it. â€Å"My God, all his different fuckups were only groundwork for this.† (135). We can inform that he cares very much regarding his child since when he gets him his moms’ the content says: â €Å"He tossed him behind him, cautious not to hit his head on the side of the TV.† (17-18). He likewise needs his ex to see that he is being cautious with their child, so she can see that he really can make something right. â€Å"Maybe †possibly he could make this right.† (20). We get an inclination that the dad is anything but difficult to break since when he sees the stream he feels a stun, in light of the fact that the waterway is a lot greater and more grounded than he recalled that it. He really considers pulling out. As perusers we don't consider him to be an authority now since his nervousness characterizes him. We don't trust the father’s aptitudes to cross the waterway with his child on his shoulders, we really dread both for the child and father. We are not informed particularly concerning the child yet we get an image of him being somewhat delicate. â€Å"He investigated at the smaller than usual pants, the sweatshirt clustered underneath the seat belt’s lash, the climbing boots dangling off the floor like weights.† (7-8). Perhaps he has gotten delicate and unbound in light of the considerable number of mix-ups the dad has made which has influenced the child. The narrator’s strategy is to give little indications about something risky will occur. â€Å"The current was stronger.† (105). Presently the peruser realizes that something will occur and that brings the story anticipation. The storyteller is an omniscient third indivi dual who recounts to the story from the father’s perspective. That causes us to feel compassion toward the dad. We need him to prevail with his child since we feel frustrated about him. The storyteller takes us back in time through the father’s considerations, back to when the dad was a child and when his dad took him on a similar excursion at a similar stream. â€Å"He recalled both of them cooperating discreetly, effectively, at that point his dad slithering into the tent to spread out the resting bags.† (76-77). At the point when the storyteller makes these sorts of flashbacks it makes the perusers intrigued by what the waterway can bring back in the dads heart. He has clearly had at least one effectively trips with his dad, since he needs to do something very similar with his own kid. Perhaps it likewise has something to do with that he needs his child to encounter something with him that he can't involvement in his mom. In that manner the dad could improve relationship to his child and get the missing trust. So the setting in this story is significant in light of the fact that it implies something to the dad. At the point when the dad needs his child to cross the stream, he needs to acquire trust from his child and needs to set a genuine model for his child. At the point when the dad begins crossing the waterway alone he goes sl owly and ensures each progression he takes is secure. That could be an image of his relationship to his child, and that he needs to move slowly to get his son’s trust after the separation or partition. At the point when he crosses second time with his kid on his shoulders he thinks it is simpler, and he can't comprehend where that snapshot of shortcoming, where he needed to pull out, originated from. â€Å"This vision of death like a passage toward the stopping point and no real way to get off or turn around?† (69). His contemplations of death and no real way to pivot could represent his uneasiness of losing his child, yet that he need to continue attempting to get his son’s trust and that he can't surrender. At the point when they need to cross the stream again on their way home, the current is more grounded and it is more diligently to cross it. At the point when the dad crosses it on himself he slips on a stone however doesn't fall. As of now his arrangement about a decent and trustful relationship to his child is going to crash. At the point when he gets his child it deteriorates and they are in emergency. The dad can't see an exit from this and accuses the separa tion. â€Å"My God, all his different fuckups were only groundwork for this. This wasn’t possible.† (135-136). This implies he thinks it is difficult to construct an extraordinary relationship to his child after this separation and after the various fuckups he made. He likewise gets more weights on his shoulders on his way, which make the cop stream over at long last. We likewise get an image for that: â€Å"His left arm was somewhat worn out (†¦)† (108), â€Å"Ignoring the shuddering in his shoulder (†¦)† (131). The story has an open consummation. They are in the stream where the dad surrenders. The weights become too large, and he is too powerless toâ keep up the battle for his son’s trust. All through the story the waterway is an image of the father’s and the son’s relationship to one another and it is an image of the father’s feelings. For instance when the current gets more grounded it is an image of the resistance the dad meets through the excursion. The storyteller utilizes a great deal of allegorical language in the story, particula rly correlations. â€Å"Mountains larded with snow like greasy meat.† (4). Slouka does likewise utilize different kinds of metaphorical language for instance: â€Å"The grass in the yard beaten level by the rain.† (14). He gives the grass human characteristics as a development. This non-literal language makes the story increasingly alive and makes the perusers need more. The storyteller is demonstrating us the story through the metaphorical language and through certain exchanges in the story. When Slouka is giving us he permits the perusers to feel and see the second and that makes the story additionally fascinating to peruse. The message of the story is that trust is significant right around an inquiry concerning life and demise. You should consider your activities before you make them, so you don't commit a few errors which you need to make up to once more. At that point the trust will get more earnestly, even outlandish, to get on the grounds that you have made it difficult to confide in you. What's more, in the event that individuals don't confide in you; at that point what is the significance of living?

A Study of Step 6 of the 12-Step Program

A Study of Step 6 of the 12-Step Program More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use The key to Step 6 is acceptanceâ€"accepting character defects exactly as they are and the willingness to let them go. Step 6: Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character. After identifying shortcomings and admitting to them by working Steps 4 and 5, the next step forces members of 12-step recovery groups to ask themselves if they are really willing to give up some of those faults. After all, some of them have been around so long, they are like old friends. They have been comfortable. But if the previous steps have been done thoroughly and honestly, many times facing the truth can bring a measure of guilt, which is a great motivation to become entirely ready to have those shortcomings removed. As with all the steps, the ability to become ready comes from a higher power, a power greater than yourself. How Step 6 Relates to Alcoholism The idea behind this phase of 12-step recoveryâ€"steps 4 through 7â€"is to address some of the personal issues, shortcomings and character defects that may have been a factor in your decision to begin drinking in the first place. If you simply stop drinking and do not address some of these other issues, they could cause you to get into situations that may cause you to relapse. For example, if the way you express anger or the way you handle rejection is a problem for others around you, you could end up ruining a relationship and that could cause you to pick up a drink again. Furthermore, if you quit drinking only and you dont address your other issues, you could end up what some call a dry drunk, and end up bitter and resentful. In which case, you may be sober, but very unhappy. Easy to Repeat Old Behaviors There is a saying around the 12-step rooms that you can get a horse thief sober, but you still have a horse thief. Or another one, you can take the rum out of the fruitcake, but you still have a fruitcake. What that means is, if all you do is stop drinking and you dont change some of your other behaviors, then it will be easier to slip back into your old habits, including going to the bar to drown your sorrows. That is why Steps 4 through 7 are in the middle of the 12 steps. If you dont admit you have shortcomings and take steps to address those issues, then a spiritual awakening may never come. Its all about being honest with yourself and those around you. Identifying your shortcomings and admitting them is not the end of the process. Becoming entirely ready to do something about them is a key to the solution. Others in recovery have shared what their experience is with Step 6. Here are some of their stories: Step 6: Getting Humble Working step 6 is simply working the first five steps, and then getting humble. This is not easy for many alcoholics. Working the first five steps seems grueling at first, but they manage to do it. Then the humble part steps in. How do you get humble? If the  messages of the first five steps sink in, you find humility. If the message somehow escaped you, go back and work them again, find out what you did wrong, and then try this step again. One AA member, Sox, relates how he often had hurt friends, family, and employers, but rationalized his behavior and blamed the one who was injured. In working the steps and accepting responsibility for the consequences of his actions and omissions he felt shame and remorse. He turned to his higher power in prayer in deep humility to remove his defects. Then he could take the road to redemption by  making amends.

A Study of Step 6 of the 12-Step Program

A Study of Step 6 of the 12-Step Program More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use The key to Step 6 is acceptanceâ€"accepting character defects exactly as they are and the willingness to let them go. Step 6: Were entirely ready to have God remove all these defects of character. After identifying shortcomings and admitting to them by working Steps 4 and 5, the next step forces members of 12-step recovery groups to ask themselves if they are really willing to give up some of those faults. After all, some of them have been around so long, they are like old friends. They have been comfortable. But if the previous steps have been done thoroughly and honestly, many times facing the truth can bring a measure of guilt, which is a great motivation to become entirely ready to have those shortcomings removed. As with all the steps, the ability to become ready comes from a higher power, a power greater than yourself. How Step 6 Relates to Alcoholism The idea behind this phase of 12-step recoveryâ€"steps 4 through 7â€"is to address some of the personal issues, shortcomings and character defects that may have been a factor in your decision to begin drinking in the first place. If you simply stop drinking and do not address some of these other issues, they could cause you to get into situations that may cause you to relapse. For example, if the way you express anger or the way you handle rejection is a problem for others around you, you could end up ruining a relationship and that could cause you to pick up a drink again. Furthermore, if you quit drinking only and you dont address your other issues, you could end up what some call a dry drunk, and end up bitter and resentful. In which case, you may be sober, but very unhappy. Easy to Repeat Old Behaviors There is a saying around the 12-step rooms that you can get a horse thief sober, but you still have a horse thief. Or another one, you can take the rum out of the fruitcake, but you still have a fruitcake. What that means is, if all you do is stop drinking and you dont change some of your other behaviors, then it will be easier to slip back into your old habits, including going to the bar to drown your sorrows. That is why Steps 4 through 7 are in the middle of the 12 steps. If you dont admit you have shortcomings and take steps to address those issues, then a spiritual awakening may never come. Its all about being honest with yourself and those around you. Identifying your shortcomings and admitting them is not the end of the process. Becoming entirely ready to do something about them is a key to the solution. Others in recovery have shared what their experience is with Step 6. Here are some of their stories: Step 6: Getting Humble Working step 6 is simply working the first five steps, and then getting humble. This is not easy for many alcoholics. Working the first five steps seems grueling at first, but they manage to do it. Then the humble part steps in. How do you get humble? If the  messages of the first five steps sink in, you find humility. If the message somehow escaped you, go back and work them again, find out what you did wrong, and then try this step again. One AA member, Sox, relates how he often had hurt friends, family, and employers, but rationalized his behavior and blamed the one who was injured. In working the steps and accepting responsibility for the consequences of his actions and omissions he felt shame and remorse. He turned to his higher power in prayer in deep humility to remove his defects. Then he could take the road to redemption by  making amends.

The Industrial Revolution Essay - 2099 Words

The Industrial Revolution was one of the largest social and cultural movements that changed the methods of manufacturing of metal and textiles, the transportation system, economic policies and social structure as well. Before the Industrial Revolution, people used to live by season due to agriculture. They thrived on whatever food was in season. Now, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, we live regimented and almost everything that is made, is mass produced. I will discuss three major topics of the Industrial Revolution including the three reasons why Britain was the originator of the revolution which are the population boom, canal boom, and the policies of British Parliament. I will also discuss the cottage industry which led to the energy crisis and the third topic, the invention of steam engine which ultimately solved the energy crisis and led to the iron industry, the impacts it had on business, society, and living, and finally, the downside to the whole revolution. The Industrial Revolution originated in Britain. There were three main factors that laid the groundwork for the revolution; the population boom, the canal boom and the policies of British Parliament. During the 1500s, potatoes started showing up. After years of skepticism, people decided to try this new product. In the 1600s, people realized that the potatoes were good to eat and could be used for many purposes, so farmers decided to grow potatoes on larger pieces of land which created more food soShow MoreRelatedIndustrial Of The Industrial Revolution1666 Words   |  7 PagesMartinez English IV, 1st hour 4/29/16 The Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution set people away from farms and small villages and moved them to cities and towns because of the job opportunities that arose in the cities. The Industrial Revolution not only helped people move along in the late 1700s and early 1800s but also it has made the people what they are today. During the Industrial Revolution, the movement from an agrarian society to an industrial one reshaped the roles of families, widenRead MoreThe Revolution Of The Industrial Revolution917 Words   |  4 PagesWhen thinking of the industrial revolution, I usually correlate this transitional period to great advancements in machinery, and an increase in jobs. However, after looking past the surface of the industrial revolution, in regards to the promise of great wealth, this promise was not kept, along with other issues. I believe that a â€Å"better life† would mean that people would not have to go through the same struggles they once did before the revolution, struggles such as not having a job, money, homeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution943 Words   |  4 PagesThe Industrial Revolution, a Revolution that began in Britain in the nineteenth century, saw people move from working in the farming industry to working in factories. This transition from an agrarian society meant that many people moved to cities in search of jobs. New methods of manufacturing allowed goods to be produced far more cheaply and quickly than before. However, the Revolution came with its own negative consequences. The lives of children during the Industrial Revolution were torturousRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1633 Words   |  7 Pagesmeans of communication, factories to manufacture the products you need, places to work, and ways to travel and transport goods. And what made these possible? The answer is the Industrial Revolution, which started in Europe around the year 1730. A revolution is a major change or turning point in something. The Industrial Revolution was a major turning point in history and in the way people lived. Their careers, living situations, location, values, and daily routines all changed, and they needed it desperatelyRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1097 Words   |  5 PagesBefore the advent of the Industrial Revolution, most people resided in small, rural communities where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishment and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and tools. Most manufacturing was done in homes or small, rural shops, using hand tools or simple machines. Did You Know? The word luddite refers to a person who is opposedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution1090 Words   |  5 PagesShort Term Misery†¦ Long Term Gain There are two major industrializations that have occurred through out history, both which began in England. The Industrial Revolution was from 1750 until 1800. The first and second industrialization were filled with many inventions, new societal ideas, new raw materials, new sources of power, also new ideas and societal implements were made enabling the world and society to evolve. Overall these industrialization was filled with death, neglect, and disease but endedRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution936 Words   |  4 Pageseconomist Robert Emerson Lucas wrote in regards to the Industrial revolution: For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth. The novelty of the discovery that a human society has this potential for generating sustained improvement in the material aspects of the lives of all its members, not just the ruling elite, cannot be overstressed.† (Lucas 2002). The revolution itself was ce ntred in Britain before spreading to theRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution705 Words   |  3 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was the quintessence of capitalistic ideals; it bred controversy that led to Karl Marx’s idea of communism as a massive grass roots reaction to the revolution’s social abuses. Firstly, the Industrial Revolution featured the construction of machines, systems and factories that allowed goods to be manufactured at a faster rate with a lower cost. The seed drill made it so there could be â€Å"a semi-automated, controlled distribution and plantation of wheat seed†(Jones 2013). SecondlyRead MoreIndustrial Revolution1160 Words   |  5 Pagesend of the 19th century, a significant change took place in the fundamental structure of the economy. That change was industrialization. During this time period, the United States of America changed from a large, agricultural country, to an urban industrial society. The process of industrialization began to take place in America, and eventually took over the economy during this period. Entrepreneurs and inventors put together various machines and businesses to help better the country function on aRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution2418 Words   |  10 PagesThe Industrial Revolution became a defining transitional period in United States history. The Industrial Revolution created opportunities for society through, employment, higher pay and allowed for the meeting of many cultures. As a result of high employment opportunities, people flocked to the North and populated areas of the nation creating urban cities. Urban cities of the nation have not changed much since the Industrial Revolution; people are still drawn to the urban culture because of the variety

Is The American Dream Attainable - 976 Words

Just a Bad Day, Not a Bad Life As citizens of America, we all work towards acquiring one thing: The American Dream. The American Dream is something that most citizens of America try their hardest to attain at least some point in their life time. This dream may include but is not limited to, wanting to reach a certain social class, having a safe country with strong military forces, and also wanting to â€Å"fit in†, or to find his or her’s place in life. Also, this dream may or may not look similar to the American dream you want to inquire. While most of us desire to attain most of the things listed above, some of us always dream of having a nation where the color of your skin and social standards do not define who you are as a person. However, while citizens may want these things, not all of America may agree with each other. A question that has merged into our minds is, â€Å" is the American dream attainable?† As most of you know, life is hard, actually extremely hard. As people of America each and every one of us has some sort of image of what we view â€Å"the American dream† as. One of which, is the amount of minimum wage that a person at McDonalds or even Kroger is making. This is a subject that has most Americans have been on edge about. Currently, our minimum wage is 7.25$. In the eyes of a newly employed sixteen year old having the opportunity to make his or her own money is greater than making no money at all. The sixteen year old is a newly worker, any money that is handed toShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream Truly Attainable For Everyone2601 Words   |  11 Pagesthe country where social and economic equality are supposedly attainable for one and all, is not always infallible. There have been many blunders along the way with racism and incompetence. Is the American Dream truly attainable for everyone? Picture the 1940’s America. A tight knit Japanese American famil y living on the west coast, is going about their business, making a living and trying to achieve their version of the American Dream. While the parents are immigrants from Japan, the children wereRead MoreThe Importance Of The American Dream1057 Words   |  5 Pagestoday don’t believe that the American dream is alive. Fifty-nine percent of those polled in June agreed that â€Å"the American dream has become impossible for most people to achieve. More and more Americans believe there is â€Å"not much opportunity† to get ahead†(Alternet). Many adults of the middle and lower classes American population no longer the American dream is no longer attainable because most if not all of the key elements of the American dream are no longer attainable. With financial inequalityRead MoreThe American Dream : A Toxic Fantasy910 Words   |  4 Pages The American dream is full of promises and aspirations, that every American someday shall have opportunities and potential to attain self-actualization. To make this has not been the case owing to the challenges brought about income inequalities, jobless and capitalistic ideologies that pose active and reactive forces on men and women of the lower cadre. The American dream gives men the hope that one day they shall own a decent home, live an ample neighborhood, save income money for golden yearsRead MoreLiving The American Dream Through The Ages993 Words   |  4 Pages Living the American Dream through the Ages Life is changing everyday, America’s question today is if the American Dream is attainable or not. The answer to this question is yes, it is attainable. With evolution, the American dream has been modified throughout the years. It is defined as â€Å"the idea that the American way of life offers the possibility of unlimited economic, social, etc success to every individual† (The Chambers Dictionary). Many people called the American Dream, the â€Å"good life†. StartingRead MoreThe American Dream And The Roaring Twenties1336 Words   |  6 PagesEric Rogers Mrs. Goebel English 11 9 March 2016 The American Dream and the Roaring Twenties The 1920’s was knows as the Roaring Twenties or the Jazz Age because of all the dramatic political and social change, more people lived in cities rather than farms, and the nation’s wealth doubled between 1920 and 1929. There were many new technological innovations and many factors that made the United States the place to be to find the â€Å"American Dream†. 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Juvenile Recidivism - 3788 Words

Juvenile Recidivism Karen G Liberty University Abstract Recidivism is when someone returns to the same behavior that they were previously doing (Unruh, Gau, amp; Waintrup, 2009). There are many factors that raise the risk of juvenile recidivism such as single parenting, and even when the parents become involved in drug use. When juveniles become high risk for recidivism it is important that the adults whether it be the parents, teachers or any adult in authority step in to help the juvenile to make better choices. By an adult taking an interest in the child it can prevent them from falling into a group that becomes high risk. From 1984 through 1997 a 71% there was a rise in crimes committed by juveniles that were also violent offences†¦show more content†¦16). When a mother is an active state of drug addiction it puts her child at a higher risk of psychological problems. A study has shown that the children don’t get medical treatment for the first two years of their lives, which is only the start of the maltreatment that t hey suffer (Callaghan, Crimmins, amp; Schweitzer, 2010, p. 223). Suchman (2010), states that â€Å"Parenting problems observed during the children’s first three years of life include poor attachment, responsiveness, adaptability, and structure juxtaposed with heightened physical activity, provocation, and intrusiveness (p. 483). What the child gets or the lack thereof can be from the mothers own problems from her childhood (Suchman, 2010, p. 484). When these mothers had poor parents themselves it gives them a distorted view of how parenting should be. This many times can lead to the mothers abusiveness and neglect for her own child plus the use of drugs on the mothers part (2010, p. 485). Poverty can play a role in problems that children can face. 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Case Study Analysis of Volkswagen - Free Assignment Sample

Question: Discuss about theCase Study Analysis Of Volkswagen. Answer: Possible Accounting Issues Faced by Volkswagen: The engine related scandal in relation of Volkswagen (VW) has major impacts on the accounting and financial reporting of the company. Accounting issues refer to the problems faced by a company in respect of its accounting practices that can even be highlighted in the auditors statement (Cucchiella et al. 2015). The engine scandal that came into light about VW has resulted in allocation of additional costs by the company to deal with the legal claims made by EPA. This allocation of additional funds requires separate accounting treatment by the company. Here, it is vital to understand if the company needs to show this additional costs in the income statement as a loss from business operations or in the form of administrative expenses or operational expenses. However, if the amounts are shown as an administrative or operational expenses then question can be raised as these payments are not recurring in nature. Similarly, unless the allocated expenses results in the outflow of cash it wo uld not be shown in the cash flow statement (Kothari and Lester, 2012). In addition, allocation of such funds needs to be spread over the entire period proportionately in which it is used. Other accounting issues could involve provision for doubtful debts on debtors because the spread of the information in the market might make dealers of VW hesitant to make payment due to high chances of poor sales in the coming years (El Kasmioui and Ceulemans, 2013). Other issues include probable high inventory level due to product recall. All these aspects might actually affect the profitability and financial position of VW. Adherence to International Financial Regulatory Standards (IFRS) could become difficult as well (Zhuang and Luo, 2015). This can be explained by the complexities involving the nature of transactions indulged in by VW as a result of the scandal affecting it for the past couple of years. Impact of the Scandal on Stakeholders: Stakeholders refer to the parties holding certain interests and powers in a particular company (Wang, 2014). A company operates with the cooperation of all these stakeholders. Therefore, it is the responsibility of a company meet the expectations of stakeholders. In current scenario, the major stakeholders of VW are shareholders, creditors, suppliers, employees and customers. These stakeholders are affected by the decision making of VW and the scandal taken place recently. On the other hand, Joshi et al. (2013) mentioned that analyzing the impact of a decision on the stakeholders is the best way of ensuring that the stakeholders can be satisfied. Focus on short-term gains seems to be the main factor behind VW engaging in providing unethical software in engines to pass environmental tests in a fraudulent manner. On the other hand, the strategy of the company to recall a large number of vehicles seems to be following Toyotas strategy earlier. On the other hand, VW seems to be regaining the trust of the customers and show that it cares for the customers and other stakeholders. The impact of the scandal on each of the above mentioned stakeholders are discussed here. Shareholders are those people who have invested money in a company to get suitable returns from there. Shareholders provide the required capital to a company. Thus, no need to say that the shareholders of a company holds immense power and strong interest in a company because the decision making of a company impacts the wealth of shareholders. Shareholders are mainly concerned with Earnings per Share (EPS), dividend payouts and others. The scandal of VW and actions taken by the company has badly affected its financial performance which would further have a negative impact on the shareholders. On the other hand, creditors are the providers of debt capital to a company. As mentioned by Doucette et al. (2012), creditors expect timely payment, bulk orders and long-term business contracts with firms. However, in the current scenario, the operations and financial position of VW has experienced a setbac k through additional costs to deal with the scandal and recall of a large number of vehicles. This might lower the purchase requirements of the company which would affect the suppliers. Similarly, weak cash flow position of VW can result in increase in the payment period to creditors (Stubbs et al. 2013). Good quality products is the principle expectation of customers and that customers hold considerable power to VW as customers are the source of direct revenue generation. In present context, VW has failed to keep with the trust of the customers. This can also cause customers to switch over to other brands. Thus, the customers of VW have been badly affected by the software related manipulation in the VW cars. In the view of Kraft (2014), no company can think of delivering excellent services to the customers without considering the employees as workforce is one of the greatest resource to any organization. Good salary increment, bonuses and job promotion are some of the common expect ations of employees. The employees of VW have also been badly affected by the scandal and decision taken by the company as the same might have a negative impact on their performance appraisal. There are various theories that might be applicable to VW considering the given scenario. The major theories are stakeholder theory, RBV theory and process theory. Stakeholder theory deals with the problems that an organization faces in respect of managing its stakeholders. Stakeholder theory suggest that it is one of the principle responsibilities of an organization to meet the expectations of the stakeholders (Palea and Maino, 2013). However, an organization may also face certain challenges in this regard, agency conflict being the most common one. Resource Based View (RBV) theory deals with the resources or assets held by an organization. RBV theory states that an organization needs to identify its most valuable assets and work on using the same to increase its competitive advantage over the rivals in the market. As per the RBV theory, organizations need to conduct Valuable Rare Inimitable and Non-substitutable (VRIN) analysis to identify assets which are increasing its competitiv e advantage over the rivals (Rensburg and Botha, 2014). An organization should hold only those assets and dispose-off the ones which does not meet any criteria. On the other hand, process theory could be yet another interesting theory in context of the scandal of VW. Process theory of management lays stress on the decision making process rather than the decision itself. As mentioned by Peters (2009), process theory holds that if the decision making process is appropriate then the concerned decision would also be appropriate. This theory could help in understanding and evaluating the decision making process of VW in regards to the scandal. However, after discussing the above theories, the stakeholder theory seems to be most appropriate to the current situation as the same could help VW in managing the different needs, perceptions and interests of various stakeholders. This can also be justified by the fact that VW is facing good will risk, loss of reputation, fall in brand equity and similar other issues as a result of the scandal. Therefore, stakeholder theory could help the company in resolving the issues currently faced by it. In addition, application of stakeholder theory could also help the organization in addressing the concerns of its stakeholders and regain the confidence of the stakeholders on the company. As per the accounting theories, VW can show the additional costs incurred in connection with dealing the scandal over a long period of time. This could help in protecting the company from serious losses in the current years which could be tough to recover in future. Spreading the costs over couple of years would reduce the burden on profit margin of the company. On the other hand, there is a strong chance that the EPA might impose some high penalties on the company. This needs due consideration as per the doctrine of conservatism which suggests that a company should not recognize anticipated profits but should account for anticipated losses. Hence, it is advisable for VW to create a provision against potential penalties that might be charged by the EPA. Creating such fund could help the company in saving the cash flow position in the year in which such penalties are made. Reference List: Cucchiella, F., DAdamo, I. and Gastaldi, M., 2015. Financial analysis for investment and policy decisions in the renewable energy sector.Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy,17(4), pp. 887-904. Doucette, W.R., McDonough, R.P., Mormann, M.M., Vaschevici, R., Urmie, J.M. and Patterson, B.J., 2012. Three-year financial analysis of pharmacy services at an independent community pharmacy.Journal of the American Pharmacists Association,52(2), pp. 181-187. El Kasmioui, O. and Ceulemans, R., 2013. Financial analysis of the cultivation of short rotation woody crops for bioenergy in Belgium: barriers and opportunities.BioEnergy Research,6(1), pp. 336-350. Joshi, M., Cahill, D., Sidhu, J. and Kansal, M., 2013. Intellectual capital and financial performance: an evaluation of the Australian financial sector.Journal of intellectual capital,14(2), pp.264-285. Kothari, S.P. and Lester, R., 2012. The role of accounting in the financial crisis: Lessons for the future.Accounting Horizons,26(2), pp.335-351. Kraft, P., 2014. Rating agency adjustments to GAAP financial statements and their effect on ratings and credit spreads.The Accounting Review,90(2), pp.641-674. Palea, V. and Maino, R., 2013. Private equity fair value measurement: a critical perspective on IFRS 13.Australian Accounting Review,23(3), pp.264-278. Peters, G., 2009. Fixing the financial system.Business Strategy Review, 20(3), pp. 12-17. Rensburg, R. and Botha, E., 2014. Is Integrated Reporting the silver bullet of financial communication? A stakeholder perspective from South Africa.Public Relations Review,40(2), pp.144-152. Stubbs, W., Higgins, C. and Milne, M., 2013. Why do companies not produce sustainability reports?.Business strategy and the environment,22(7), pp.456-470. Wang, C., 2014. Accounting standards harmonization and financial statement comparability: Evidence from transnational information transfer.Journal of Accounting Research,52(4), pp.955-992. Zhuang, X. and Luo, Y., 2015. Relevance between the degree of industrial competition and fair value information: Study on the listed companies in China.Journal of Industrial Engineering and Management,8(3), p.894.

The Birthmark Research Paper Essay Example

The Birthmark Research Paper Paper The Birthmark was written by Nathaniel Hawthorne in the middle of 19th century and was first published in 1843. The story describes the very natural thing, birthmark, and its impact on different minds. An 18th century’s scientist, Aylmer, gets married to a beautiful woman but later on finds his frustration about one feature in her appearance. An author has found a delicate way to criticize and blame the epoch, which he lived in, through this short, but meaningful, story. One of the passages from the story describes Georgiana’s, Aylmer’s wife, birthmark. Earlier, a conversation between the spouses begins, and an author tries to give every little detail in order for the reader to imagine and picture for herself the cause of the problem. The first thing, which should be noted, is that the author describes Georgiana’s birthmark with a grain of admiration and pity. It seems as if he tries to justify a little imperfection of a woman. Partially, this can be notices in the way he describes, how previous Georgiana’s lovers used to approach and treat her birthmark. After describing a negative approach to a mark by the female figures, he gives an example of Eve of Powers, which can ‘convert to a monster’ by the blue strains in the statuary marble. These author’s comments give a clear picture of a disagreement with the story’s character, Aylmer, concerning his wife’s appearance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Birthmark Research Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Birthmark Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Birthmark Research Paper specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, in order to understand, why the birthmark of this woman was given such a great attention by the author, it is necessary to go back to the 19th century and to understand the environment, which people used to live in back then. Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in the beginning of the 19th century in America. Most of his life he lived in the epoch of reform and positivism. Reform has brought many changes in people’s perception of religion, science, and society. It has change the role of woman to a great extent. Positivism, in turn, has brought a tendency to consider a person as a product of nature; however, where science could interfere. All these changes created an environment, where people believed that scientists have control over the nature and can bring significant changes to almost any aspect of the process of living. Apparently, Aylmer was one of those scientists, who was determined that perfection of a woman must not be spoiled by any, even the smallest, element of the nature. After his and Georgiana’s marriage he even started questioning his affection toward his wife. He saw a frightening sign in the birthmark of Georgiana and even understood that ‘this one defect grow more and more intolerable with every moment of their united lives’. Story’s author puts emphasis on the beauty of Georgiana. He does it in order to point out that the birthmark is really the only disadvantage, or, on the contrary, an advantage of her appearance. It is mentioned that different woman’s lovers had different opinions about this specialty of hers. Before her husband mentioned it in a different way, she thought men see it as a magic sign from a fairy. Her previous lovers saw some sort of charm in it, a feature, which differentiates Georgiana from all other women. They thought there was something special about this small sign on the face, which they thought was perfect. Aylmer’s opinion, on the other hand, was somewhat different. He was troubled with a question: why such a beautiful face is spoiled with a birthmark like this? Author describes man’s thoughts and explains that the birthmark would not bother Aylmer that much if there would be even one more defect on her face, or if she would not be beautiful at all . In his wife’s face he saw a nature’s imprint. He found two possible reasons for this birthmark: either for proving that every person on this earth is mortal and does not last forever, or does have to pay for his or her beauty or perfection. Either ways, Aylmer was anxious about this feature of his wife and, as was mentioned above, even started questioning his affection toward her. The birthmark was located in the center of Georgiana’s cheek and was shaped as a small hand. Its color was one of the reasons, why it was standing out on and striking one’s eye. The color of the birthmark was changing with the change in Georgiana’s emotions. It was disappearing whenever the blood rushed to her face and reappearing whenever she turned pale. Aylmer knew all the nuances of his wife’s face, and the effect her emotions had on the birthmark. However, as one of the determined scientists of that time, this very little and natural feature did not let him enjoy the beauty of his wife to the fullest. In the end of 18th and in the beginning of 19th century science has made a significant contribution to the women cosmetics and could bring into one’s appearance certain desirable changes. This was a time, when woman became a subject for experiments. At that time it was important for her to look perfect, especially, when she had all the necessary tools for it. Scientists believed that the nature is something, which can be controlled and changed. New discoveries and inventions brought a revolution to the society and people’s minds and proved people to be over the nature. While women were amazed and pleased with the new opportunities, which science could now offer to them, there have been given little thought of the meaning of certain unusual features women possessed. There were different beliefs and different approaches toward life and the human bodies. Aylmer was a scientist, who appeared to be unable to separate the science from his and his wife’s private life. He, like everyone else, was blinded by the new opportunities, which have appeared, and could not stop from applying his beliefs to their family. Georgiana appeared to be a subject of his critics and deep philosophical thoughts. At some point he has moved his wife to the back and has made science the major purpose of his life. She became one of his tools for examining the world, beliefs of the society, and his own beliefs. He found Georgiana’s birthmark as a contradiction to the common perception of the woman’s body and nature’s role in it. He was determined that leaving this feature on her face and looking at it every day of his life could be a threat for his beliefs. Removing the birthmark could serve Aylmer as a proof of his theories, which he was developing in his head. Author proves that Aylmer was looking at his wife through the eyes of a scientist by comparing his attitude toward the birthmark to Georgiana’s previous lovers’. In society, which believed that all imperfections of the woman can and must be removed, how could someone think otherwise? Perhaps, her previous lovers were musicians, painters, artists, but not people of the science. They, most probably, truly saw something entirely amazing and magical about this feature of hers. They were able to look at Georgiana with love and admiration without letting anything to interfere with their feelings. She was more than a beautiful body for them, but a special soul, which possessed it. This was the major difference between them and Aylmer, which author tries to show in his story. This difference had a significant impact on the spouses’ relationship and the way Georgiana’s birthmark was perceived. The situation, which Aylmer appeared in, describes and explains his unc ertainty and the pressure he was under. Instead of looking at his marriage as an opportunity for building strong and long-lasting relationships with his wife, he concentrated on the wrong things. He concentrated on the appearance of Georgiana, but not on her inner self. He concentrated on his science instead of being himself and becoming a loving and caring husband. Perhaps, he believed that this was exactly the feeling of care and love he felt for her wife, but could not understand the reasons standing behind his every action and word. Aylmer believed that the nature is something, which does not leave a space for perfection. It constantly reminds a human being of his or her dependence on the decisions ‘made’ by it. He, as a true representative of the science, could not agree with it and to accept it. Especially, he did not want to accept it when having a person so close, who had an obvious sign against his own beliefs. This thought did not give Aylmer a rest, and he was constantly thinking over this little feature of his wife. Instead of loving his wife for who she is inside, he found that she has become a reason for his biggest anxiety. Georgiana was his wife and his closest person. After becoming a married couple, their relationship has reached a new level, where he started looking at her in a different way. He saw a lover in her; a woman, who must be perfect in every way. He needed her to be perfect in sake of his science and his beliefs. He could not live on and exist next to the person, who carri ed a challenge of his beliefs right on her face. Therefore, unconsciously he decided to give up his love and relationship with his wife for the sake of the science. In ‘The Birthmark’ author tries to show the way beliefs in society can affect a single person and his or her relationships with other people around. In addition, he tries to describe the way person’s occupation and interests can affect his or her approach to life. The epoch, in which both Nathaniel Hawthorne and Aylmer used to live, brought many changes to the beliefs of the people around them. Some people remained indifferent to the large amount of inventions in the science, and some fell immediately under their influence. There were people, who were against and with the reform; however, the fact that it changed every person’s lives in the 19th century is unquestionable. However, the saddest effect that reform had brought to the society, which is illustrated in ‘The Birthmark’, is the one on the relationship between men and women. The role of the woman has changed and become somewhat insignificant. She has become a tool for decorating the houses and streets. Scientists have worked hard on making it possible to change woman’s appearance and to make it even more perfect. Unquestionably, this approach has remained till the 21st century. BibliographyMarxists Internet Archive. â€Å"Value of Knowledge Reference. Positivism†. Available from Internet; accessed 4 February 2010 The Literature Network. â€Å"Nathaniel Hawthorne†. Available from Internet; accessed 4 February 2010

Inherit The Wind essays

Inherit The Wind essays The film Inherit the wind is about a young schoolteacher who dares to introduce his students to Darwins theory of evolution in Hillsboro. Hillsboro is a small bible town whose citizens not only reject the evolutionist point of view but deny the existence of evolution itself. They have been taught that the universe and all it contains was created by God; that any other point of view is blasphemous. In Hillsboro, it is unlawful to teach other than what is in the bible. The people there are very old fashioned and not open to questioning what has been written. Thus, the story surrounds the trial of the State vs. a schoolteacher; evolution vs. creation; religion versus science. The film was originally written as a play in 1955 by Jerome Lawrence and Robert E. Lee. The focus of the story mirrors the events of what became known as the Scopes Monkey Trial where Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan squared off in a small town to determine the guilt or innocence of a schoolteacher, Scopes, who attempted to teach evolution in his science class. The movies characters are represented by defense attorney Henry Drummond, prosecutor Matthew Harrison Brady, and defendant Bertram Cates, respectively. All are gathered in the courtroom, including the press, to attend what seems to be an open and shut case. But as the story unfolds and the trial proceeds, there are many twists and surprises that further polarize and make impossible to exist the two points of view. Henry Drummond attempts to call several expert witnesses to aide his defense of Cates. The presiding judge, who happens to be running for political office and not wanting to rock the boat with the townspeople, easily disallows any and all witnesses presented by Drummond. However, when left with no other alternative, Drummond calls the only expert witness he knows will be acceptable, not only to the court but to the local population. He calls M ...

Formation of Israel. Experiences of minority populations of the region Essay

Formation of Israel. Experiences of minority populations of the region before, during and after the formation of Israel. Effects of the formation of Israel o - Essay Example They also managed to conquer other substantial territories which had been allocated to the Palestinians. The minority groups were highly affected by the wars which were going on and some of them lost their lives as well as their cultural identities. The Jewish armies became victorious and they conquered most of the areas in that region. However Israel was invaded by five Arab armies soon after its declaration but it was very prepared and thus it succeeded in crushing the pockets of the resistance. (Israel Ministry of foreign affairs 2006) Israel is a country which is located in the south western part of Asia and in the northern part it is bounded by the country of Lebanon and also Syria and Jordan borders the country in the east. Israel is also bordered by the Gulf of Aqaba and Egypt as well as the Mediterranean Sea borders it on the western part. Many of the Jewish populants in Palestine started several revolts against the roman occupation of the area on the Gaza strip and also the west bank. However most of then were killed and the rest of them were dispersed to various parts of the Diaspora. The Palestinians were also Hellenized such that many churches were built around the sites which were holy to the Christians after Christianity was adapted as the official Roman Empire religion in the 14th century. After the collapse of the Roman Empire in th... A conquest of the entire area buy the Muslim Arabs followed. This was then followed by several European crusades in an attempt to recover the holy land as referred to by the Christians from the Muslims. (Israel Ministry of foreign affairs 2006) The initial crusade was however very successful as it captured the city of Jerusalem and also in the establishment of a Christian kingdom which lasted a whole century before it fell to the Egyptian sultans. Later on, Palestine was captured by the Turks from ottoman and it then became a part of the Ottoman Empire for a period of four centuries. (Aloni 2001) There was an emergence of the Zionist movement and it was advocating for the re-establishment of the homeland for the Jews in Palestine which also served as a refuge for the Jews who were prosecuted in Europe. The first Zionist congress was then organized in Basel and it publicized the Jewish claims to Palestine where a large number of the Jews had begun settling. During the First World War turkey was at war with France and Britain thus plans were made on the division of the Ottoman Empire where Palestine was to be on the British territory. So at to encourage the Jewish support on the war a leading Zionist from Britain established a Balfour declaration which stated that the government of Britain was in favor of the establishment of a national home for the Jewish people. Palestine was placed under the British administration on a mandate from the League of Nations. (Israel Ministry of foreign affairs 2006) However the Jews continued to migrate and conflict sprout with the resident Arabs and this further led to communal violence that was very severe in the environs of Jerusalem. The Jews

Effect of Temperature on Peroxidase Activity Essay

Effect of Temperature on Peroxidase Activity - Essay Example It was found that the enzymatic activity was optimum at 37 degree Celsius and the enzyme activity decreased above that temperature thus nullifying the hypothesis that the reaction rate increases as temperature increases based on Arrhenius equation. An enzyme is defined as a protein that catalyzes a chemical reaction by lowering energy barrier, biology book. Enzymes are made up of hundred of amino acids to form peptides and these peptides binds with each other to form the active protein molecules, Biology book. Nevertheless, the enzyme has a specific three dimensional shape. A part of this shape forms the active site, where the enzyme connects or combines with the substrate. The enzymes are very specific for the substrates. They bind with the specific substrates only. This is carried out by the ligand – receptor complex. The enzyme bound to its substrate, forming enzyme- substrate complex, which became activated. While they were bound together, enzyme and substrate, the enzyme’s catalytic action converts the substrate to product of the reaction. At the end of the reaction, the product is released and the same enzyme is ready to react with other substrate. The reaction could be shown as follows: Nevertheless, Dr. Rebecca Bellone pointed out that the enzymes are affected by many external parameters such as pH and Temperature. The alteration of the active site occurs due to the change in pH and temperature. The protein gets denatured and loses its active site. Finally the enzyme activity is lost. Hence care must always be taken to maintain the enzyme at specific ph and Temperature. Furthermore, in this laboratory the enzyme that was used to accelerate the hydrolysis of hydrogen peroxide was peroxidase. Peroxidase is an enzyme found in all aerobic cells, which accelerate hydrolysis of toxic hydrogen peroxide. On oxidation it yields oxygen and water, as shown in the following equation: An article was reviewed about enzymes activity and

Philosophy of Nursing: Reflection

Philosophy of Nursing: Reflection A philosophy is a statement of belief about something. Humans, their health, and the environment in which they live and function are phenomena of particular interest to nursing. Learning to reflect critically on ones practice requires considerable effort. It is also essential to being an excellent practitioner. Being able to think about and to explain your beliefs about the basic concepts of your practice provides the framework for your practice. Do remember that what you write today is not written in stone. As you learn new information and expand your professional practice your thoughts and beliefs about these phenomena may very well change. View this assignment as an opportunity to articulate your thoughts about these four concepts. My Belief is Good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery You need to include the following items: 1. An introduction to the paper that includes a brief overview of the paradigm. 2. A statement and explanation of your beliefs in relation to each of the four concepts included in the paradigm of nursing (humans, health, nursing, environment). While there is no minimum requirement for the length of each `statement and explanation,` many fall into the range of three (3) to five (5) paragraphs for each component of the paradigm. Some questions you may want to ask and answer for yourself are: What is the essence of human? What is health? Illness? Wellness? How are they related? What is the reason for nursings existence? How do I facilitate a clients movement toward health? These are just suggestions. You are NOT required to respond to the questions listed in this paragraph. As you consider your explanation of how you have reached this belief, i.e. `This I believe about . . . because. . .`, you may want to review some of the information from previous NRSE 300 modules. The Paradigm Online Writing Assistant has guidelines about writing a Thesis/Support Essay. This can help you in the construction of the paper. You need to document your explanation with material from the textbook, from the videos, from your practice, and from at least two sources that are not listed in your class materials. 3. Choose one of the nurse theorists you viewed. Compare your beliefs to those expressed or implied by the Jean Watson. How similar are your beliefs? What differences exist? 4. The final section of the paper is to be a statement of your philosophy of nursing. It may help to go to the Ohio School of Nursing website and read the Philosophy of the School of Nursing. It will give you a sense of one style of writing a philosophy. The philosophy is a distillation of the thinking you did to write your beliefs and explanations. It usually takes the form of one to three sentences about each of the components with linking comments about how they relate to each other to form your personal philosophy of nursing. 5. Paper will be typed. Double-space the body of the paper. Use APA format for headings and references. Make sure that your name is on each page of the paper. Use the running head style as explained in the APA Manual. Proofread the paper. Do NOT rely solely on spell check. It will not tell you when you wrote `of` when you intended to write `or.` There is no specified length for this paper. They usually run between 3 and 6 pages of double-space Introduction Nursing refers to a contact or a bond that exists between two or more persons in which one of the two persons provide professional care to the other in addition to providing advice with an aim of improving the health of the other individual an preventing illness. Philosophy of nursing may refer to beliefs that different individuals have towards nursing. Humans refer to the primates in the family of hominids. They have a brain which is highly expanded enabling them to solve problems through reasoning, control of emotions, use of language and introspection. Humans are always craving to understand the world around them and influence the natural occurrences. Health refers to a state of well being where there is no sickness and reflects the social, physical, spiritual and mental fitness of an individual. Good health may be brought about by a balanced diet, exercise and rest. Nursing refers to a science in which the person involved aims at ensuring a good health for individuals, families and communities. In general, the science of nursing aims at upholding the quality of life. Environment is defined as the extensive information on issues, programs and policies affecting our surrounding. It refers to anything internal or external that may create some impact in the life of an individual including all the living and non living organisms that exist on the earth. Humans A good pain control after surgery when accompanied by appropriate community health services enables an individual to rebuild him or herself. It is however the responsibility of every person to ensure that the nurse or the doctor knows about him or herself before the pain control is administered on him or her. This the patient could do by enabling the doctor to know about his or her drug addiction either the past or present. Surgery of the stomach is a very painful one and the drug history of a person may affect the persons tolerance to the pain or response to the pain relievers. The pain control in patients also depends on the age of the patient as well the conditions of health of the individual before the surgery. Controlling pain after surgery is a very essential step in the life of a patient as it helps the individual to gain the best results on functionality. This is appropriate because the pain after surgery increases the functionality of the patient. Patients who before the surgery were on pain medication do require an administration of extended pain medication. Otherwise the patient may require shorter acting pain medications for the control of pain. Nursing The belief that good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery relates to nursing in the sense that nurses have been found to be mediums through which terminal care at home can be improved. Pain control is one of the components of quality terminal care in the community. Patients who have undergone surgery should be given enough advice by the nurses on where to get help if necessary. In addition to this they should be given appropriate analgesics to carry home which should be accompanied by sufficient instructions on their usage. Nevertheless, patients should be given both verbal and written information about pain so that and how pain can be reduced. The nursing staff should always be there for patients to advice them and to discuss with them their choice of a pain relieving techniques. The pain that is experienced by patients after surgery is usually very great that it should not be underestimated. This is because the pain does different implications on both the patients and the community health services. A proper pain control after surgery therefore requires the intervention of the nurse which will give way for community health services thus helping the patient to gain his or her health back. Nurses facilitates the process of pain control and ensures that it well managed to speed the process of recovering of a patient. Health The health of a person enables that person to function mentally, spiritually, physically and socially in full ability. The belief that a good pain control and community health service helps an individual to rebuild after a surgery relates to health in the sense that an individual will only have a good health when he or she is not in pain. A person is considered to fully healthy if he or she is not feeling any pain. Surgery involves a lot of pain therefore after a surgery an individual requires pain relief which is achieved through proper pain control by the nurses to enable him or her to function properly both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially. When a person is in pain, he or she will not perform any physical activity in addition the person will not be able to socialize freely with other people. The person will also not think properly thus lacking both mental and spiritual thinking. This is because pain makes a person uncomfortable creating a feeling that something is wrong in the body. The pain in the body i.e. physical pain sends a signal to the brain through the spinal cords that something is wrong thus stopping the mind from working properly. It is therefore essential that after surgery a patient should receive a good pain control and community health service to enable him or her to rebuild his health. Effective pain management is therefore considered by nurses as part of recovery because it when it is well controlled it speeds up the process of healing and reduce complications that a person may experience as a result of surgery. Environment The surroundings in which individuals live do affect the activities performed in that particular environment. Nurses do require an enabling environment to enable them to perform their duties properly. After surgery it will for the well being of the patient to have a conducive environment in which physical, mental, spiritual and social healing is possible. The nature of the environment in which pain control is conducted is very essential and should be set to fit the requirements of different patients. Pain control will enable an individual to feel comfortable as he or she heals, get well faster and avoid some problems associated with surgery. The nurse theorist viewed was Margaret Newman who also came up with a nursing theory of health as an expanding consciousness which requires every person to find the meaning of life and find connections with other people in the rest of the world. According to Margaret, health means increasing awareness. She put forward that the role of a nurse is to identify the lifestyle of an individual so that the nurse can work within that lifestyle to help the individual achieve the goals of his or her life. Newmans theory includes the health of every individual irrespective of the condition of illness i.e. whether sick or well. Jean on the other hand developed a caring theory which involves the caring actions taken by nurses in their interaction with the patients. The caring theory involves the deep respect offered to patients by the nurses for the mysteries of life and the ability of the patients to change their lifestyles. Watsons caring theory also requires a nurse to help the patients to acquire self control, knowledge and healing not regarding their health conditions. The difference that exists between my beliefs on Newmans theory and Watsons caring theory is that Newmans theory was focused on helping every person whether in the absence or presence of sickness to understand his or her status. It focused on the adjustments that a nurse should put to ensure that a person meets his or her requirements. Watson on the other hand focused on caring for the patients, respecting them and helping them to understand themselves by acquiring self control, knowledge and healing. The similarity between the two theories is that both the two believe that it is the role of a nurse to ensure appropriate lifestyles for different persons whether sick or not. They both believe that a nurse should be able to identify or recognize and accurately detect the health status of a person and be able to help that person accordingly. They believe that a nurse must come together and engage in an interaction so that the nurse can understand the unique lifestyle of the person and provide care in a manner that fits that lifestyle. Finally both the beliefs involve human and nursing in the science of nursing in order to provide desired care to persons. The statement of my philosophy of nursing is the belief that Good pain control and community health services help rebuild a person after surgery. Conclusion Surgery is a very painful exercise which usually requires an immediate pain control to stop the patient from suffering. Pain management especially after surgery is therefore very essential for the well being of the patient and nurses should ensure that it is provided to enable the patient to rebuild his or her health. Reference Newman, M. A. (1972). Nursings theoretical evolution. Nursing Outlook, 20(5), 449-453. Newman, M.A. (1979). Theory development in nursing. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis. Newman, M. A. (1982). Time as an index of expanding consciousness with age. Nursing Research, 31(5), 290-293. Newman, M.A. (1983). Newmans health theory. In I. Clements F. Roberts (Eds.), Family health: A theoretical approach to nursing care (pp. 161-175). New York: John Wiley. Engle, V. F. (1984). Newmans conceptual framework and the measurement of older adults health. Advances in Nursing Science, 7(1), 24-36. Newman, M. A. (1984). Nursing diagnosis: Looking at the whole. American Journal of Nursing, 84(12), 1496-1499. Newman, M.A. (1986). Health as Expanding Consciousness. St. Louis: Mosby. Newman, M. A. (1987). Aging as increasing complexity. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 13(9), 16-18. Newman, M.A. (1990). Newmans theory of health as praxis. Nursing Science Quarterly, 3(1), 37-41 Gustafson, W. (1990). Application of Newmans theory of health: Pattern recognition as nursing practice. In M. E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories in practice (pp. 141-161). New York: National League for Nursing. Kalb, K. A. (1990). The gift: Applying Newmans theory of health in nursing practice. In M. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories in practice (pp. 163-186). New York: National League for Nursing. Newman, M. A. (1990). Shifting to higher consciousness. In M. E. Parker (Ed.), Nursing theories in practice (pp. 129-139). New York: National League for Nursing. Newman, M. A. (1990). Toward an integrative model of professional practice. Journal of Professional Nursing, 6(3), 167-173. Newman, M. A., Lamb, G. S., Michaels, C. (1991). Nurse case management: The coming together of theory and practice. Nursing Health Care, 12(8), 404-408. Newman, M. A., Sime, A. M., Corcoran-Perry, S. A. (1991). The focus of the discipline of nursing. Advances in Nursing Science, 14(1), 1-6. Newman, M. A. (1992). Prevailing paradigms in nursing. Nursing Outlook, 40(1), 10-14. Marchione, J. (1993). Margaret Newman: Health as expanding consciousness. Newbury Park, CA: Sage. Newman, M. A. (1994). Health expanding consciousness (2nd ed.). New York: National League for Nursing. Newman, M.A. (1994). Theory for nursing practice. Nursing Science Quarterly, 7(4), 153-157. Newman, M. A. (1995). A developing discipline: Selected works of Margaret Newman. New York: National League for Nursing. Marchione, J. (1995). Margaret Newman: Health as expanding consciousness. In C. M. McQuiston A. A. Webb ( Eds.), Foundations of nursing theory: Contributions of 12 key theorists (pp. 261-316). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Engle, V. F. (1996). Newmans theory of health. In J. J. Fitzpatrick A. L. Whall (Eds.), Conceptual models of nursing: Analysis and application (3rd ed., pp. 275-288). Stamford, CT: Appleton Lange. Newman, M.A. (1996). Theory of the nurse-client partnership. In E. Cohen (Ed.), Nurse case management in the 21st Century (pp. 119-123). St. Louis: Mosby Year-book. Newman, M. A. (1997). Experiencing the whole. Advances in Nursing Science, 20(1), 34-39. Newman, M. A. (1997). Evolution of the theory of health as expanding consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(1), 22-25. Yamashita, M., Jensen, E., Tall, F. (1998). Therapeutic touch: Applying Newmans theoretic approach. Nursing Science Quarterly, 11(2) 49-50. Desai, S., Keffer, M. J., Hensley, D. Kilgore-Keever, K. A., Langfitt, J. V. Peterson, L. (1998). Margaret A. Newman: Model of Health. In A. M. Tomey M. R. Alligood (Eds.), Nursing theorists and their work (4th ed., pp. 496-515). St. Louis: Mosby. Newman, M. A. (1999). The rhythm of relating in a paradigm of wholeness. Image: Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 31(3), 227-230. Pharris, M. D. (2001). Margaret A. Newman: Health as expanding consciousness. In Parker, M. (Ed.), Nursing theories and nursing practice (pp. 263-274). Philadelphia: Davis. Newman, M. A. (2002). Caring in the human health experience. International Journal for Human Caring. 6(2), 8-12. Newman, M. A. (2002). The pattern that connects. Advances in Nursing Science, 24(3), 1-7. Witucki, J. M. (2002). Newmans theory of health as expanding consciousness in nursing practice. In M. R. Alligood A. M. Tomey (Eds.), Nursing theory utilization application (2nd ed., pp. 429-449). St. Louis: Mosby. Newman, M. A. (2003). A world of no boundaries. Advances in Nursing Science, 26(4), 240-245. Endo, E. (2004). Nursing praxis with Margaret Newmans theory of health expanding consciousness. Nursing Science Quarterly, 17(2), 110-115. Health as Expanding Consciousness A website by Margaret Newman. ASSUMPTIONS deal with human life, nursing science, and the process of nursing. Watsons conception of human life is tied to notions that ones soul possesses a body that is not confined by objective space and time. The lived world of the experiencing person is not distinguished by external and internal notions of time and space, but shapes its own time and space, which is unconstrained by linearity. Nursing is a human science of persons and human health-illness experiences that are mediated by professional, personal, scientific, esthetic, and ethical human care transactions. The process of nursing is human care. THE THEORY OF HUMAN CARING The main concept of the theory is TRANSPERSONAL HUMAN CARING, which is best understood within the concepts of three ancillary concepts: LIFE, ILLNESS, and HEALTH. HUMAN LIFE is defined as spiritual-mental-physical being-in-the-world, which is continuous in time and space. ILLNESS is not necessarily disease. Illness is subjective turmoil or disharmony with a persons inner self or soul at some level or disharmony within the spheres of the person, either consciously or unconsciously. HEALTH refers to unity and harmony within the mind, body, and soul. TRANSPERSONAL HUMAN CARING and caring transactions are those scientific, professional, ethical, yet esthetic, creative and personalized giving-receiving behaviors and responses between nurse and patient that allow for contact between the subjective world of the experiencing persons through physical, mental, or spiritual routes or some combination thereof. THE GOAL OF NURSING is to help persons gain a higher degree of harmony within the mind, body, and soul which generates self-knowledge, self-reverence, self-healing, and self-care processes while increasing diversity. Nursing interventions or CARATIVE FACTORS are: Humanistic-altruistic system of values Faith-hope Sensitivity to self and others Helping-trusting, human care relationship Expressing positive and negative feelings Creative problem-solving caring process Transpersonal teaching-learning Supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment Human needs assistance Existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces Return to Top This page was last modified on 6/1/02

Myth of the Hacker :: Hacker Hacking Computer Technology Internet

Myth of the Hacker The 1960s hacker, a term that was originally a referent to a good person with computer wizardry, has come full circle into the 1990s. Through media representations and the formation of hacker icons, modern hackers are mythologized as the good hacker. The original hackers of MIT belonged to a group of privileged individuals; they operated during a time when computers were not a household item. Hacking, for this generation, began as an intellectual pursuit as well as a way to pull elaborate pranks. The progression of hacking was limited because computer networking had not been completely implemented into society. In the 1980s, hackers reidentified and renamed themselves rebels; computer bandits who worked to infiltrate the network. With the advent of 80s hacking, cult icons were created in this seemingly underground group of renegades. Such names as Condor and Pengo became worldwide gurus to aspiring hackers. Such icons have also found their way into mainstream media, namely television and film. The very popular film War Games (1983) became a beacon for many modern day hackers; it considered the inventiveness and connectedness of humans and computers, but also went as far as to show how unsecure the government could be. In War Games it is youth that devours computer knowledge and obtains infiltrating power. This new generation of hackers, who seek to know that which is hidden, is portrayed as a boy. The limits become unbounded; it is not just those who are taught at MIT who can hack. What of those who continue to seek access? The 1990s saw a great consumer demand for hacker narratives. Television shows such as The X-Files position hackers fighting against a well-informed government. The X-Files perpetuates the media myth that hackers are a subculture. These are intelligent men who are outcasts of mainstream society. They form an underground culture hidden from view, continuously weary of government plots. The X-Files series also plays up the role of the hacker as humanitarian. They work to find the truth buried in the network by the government. This role of hacker as humanitarian searching for truth becomes a recurring theme in other films. The 1992 film Sneakers is one example of this hacker narrative. The lead role, played by Robert Redford, has a history as a student when his hacking lands his friend in jail and himself into a new life where he has to change his name. He starts a business which hires itself out and attempts to infiltrate/hack security systems of its client(s). Myth of the Hacker :: Hacker Hacking Computer Technology Internet Myth of the Hacker The 1960s hacker, a term that was originally a referent to a good person with computer wizardry, has come full circle into the 1990s. Through media representations and the formation of hacker icons, modern hackers are mythologized as the good hacker. The original hackers of MIT belonged to a group of privileged individuals; they operated during a time when computers were not a household item. Hacking, for this generation, began as an intellectual pursuit as well as a way to pull elaborate pranks. The progression of hacking was limited because computer networking had not been completely implemented into society. In the 1980s, hackers reidentified and renamed themselves rebels; computer bandits who worked to infiltrate the network. With the advent of 80s hacking, cult icons were created in this seemingly underground group of renegades. Such names as Condor and Pengo became worldwide gurus to aspiring hackers. Such icons have also found their way into mainstream media, namely television and film. The very popular film War Games (1983) became a beacon for many modern day hackers; it considered the inventiveness and connectedness of humans and computers, but also went as far as to show how unsecure the government could be. In War Games it is youth that devours computer knowledge and obtains infiltrating power. This new generation of hackers, who seek to know that which is hidden, is portrayed as a boy. The limits become unbounded; it is not just those who are taught at MIT who can hack. What of those who continue to seek access? The 1990s saw a great consumer demand for hacker narratives. Television shows such as The X-Files position hackers fighting against a well-informed government. The X-Files perpetuates the media myth that hackers are a subculture. These are intelligent men who are outcasts of mainstream society. They form an underground culture hidden from view, continuously weary of government plots. The X-Files series also plays up the role of the hacker as humanitarian. They work to find the truth buried in the network by the government. This role of hacker as humanitarian searching for truth becomes a recurring theme in other films. The 1992 film Sneakers is one example of this hacker narrative. The lead role, played by Robert Redford, has a history as a student when his hacking lands his friend in jail and himself into a new life where he has to change his name. He starts a business which hires itself out and attempts to infiltrate/hack security systems of its client(s).